Human Resource 2 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Assignment Fundamentals of Database Systems

Questions: 1. What is organized information and unstructured information? Give a case of each from your involvement in information that you may have used.2. Give a general meaning of data recovery (IR). What does data recovery include when we think about data on the Web?3. What is implied by navigational, instructive, and transformational search?4. What are the various periods of the information disclosure from databases? Depict a total application situation wherein new information might be mined from a current database of transactions.5. What are the objectives or undertakings that information mining endeavors to encourage? Answers: 1. Organized information are information that is put away into some severe organization and structure. For instance, information put away in social database have some unbending basic properties. Thus, these are auxiliary information. Despite what might be expected, there might be unstructured information, where there is no such arrangement or structure followed while putting away information. It has exceptionally constrained application. A model is a book record containing a few information, HTML documents with certain information and so on. 2. As said by, Gerald Salton, IR or Information Retrieval is, the control that manages the structure, examination, association, stockpiling, looking, and recovery of data. In this way, by and large, IR is a procedure or recovering data from an assortment of reports or data in light of some inquiry gave by some client. IR is principally related unstructured or semi-organized information and data recovery. 3. On account of data utilized for web look, there might be 3 sorts of search. Those are, Navigational inquiry that alludes to the way toward discovering some specific snippet of data rapidly according to client question. A model is, looking for seismic tremor on Google search. Educational inquiry that alludes to the way toward discovering most recent data on some point. For instance scanning for examine exercises on IR. Value-based pursuit that alludes to the way toward coming to some site for additional cooperation. For instance, looking to open a Facebook Account. 4. There are 6 distinct periods of information disclosure from database are, Determination of information Information purging Enhancement Information encoding or changing Information mining Revealing Consider a case of an exchange database for a retailer. The database contains data about the customers, similar to name, address, contact number, thing bought, amount, value, aggregate sum and so on. In this way, another arrangements of various information can be recovered from this database through KDD. The stages are, In information choice, various arrangements of data on some thing or substance will be chosen. For instance, clients from some geological territory. During information purging procedure, the configuration of the information will be checked. For instance, regardless of whether the ZIP code is in same and right organization or not and so on. During enhancement, information from different sources like internet based life, socioeconomics and so on will be added to information. During information change distinctive encoding can be utilized to abbreviate or minimal the information designs. Information mining will be utilized to discover designs dependent on various elements. All outcomes will be accounted for in reasonable configurations. 5. The objectives of the errands encouraged by information mining endeavors are, Forecasts of the conduct of certain information in future. Distinguishing proof of information designs. Grouping of information into various allotments or classes. Improvement of constrained assets like space, time, cost and so on and boost of yield factors like benefits and so on. References Cellary, W., T. Morzy, E. G. (2014). Simultaneousness Control in Distributed Database Systems. Elsevier. Elmasri, R., Navathe, S. B. (2013). Basics of Database Systems. Pearson . Han, J., Kamber, M., Pei, J. (2011). Information Mining: Concepts and Techniques. Elsevier. Keeping an eye on, C. D., Raghavan, P., Schtze, H. (2008). Prologue to Information Retrieval. Cambridge University Press. Mullins, C. S. (2013). Database Administration: The Complete Guide to DBA Practices and Procedures. Addison-Wesley Professional. zsu, M. T., Valduriez, P. (2011). Standards of Distributed Database Systems. Springer. Rahimi, S. K., Haug, F. S. (2010). Conveyed Database Management Systems. John Wiley Sons. Silberschatz, A., Korth, H. F., Sudarshan, S. (2011). Database System Concepts (sixth ed.). McGraw-Hill. Zaki, M. J., Wagner Meira, J. (2014). Information Mining and Analysis. Cambridge University Press.

Phobia of Self-Promotion How It Could Be Hurting You

Phobia of Self-Promotion How It Could Be Hurting You Phobias Types Print Fear of Self-Promotion: How It Could Be Hurting You Learn How to Promote Yourself at Work and In Your Personal Life By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on April 08, 2019 eclipse_images/Getty Images More in Phobias Types Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment If youre afraid to highlight your own positive traits, you could be suffering from a fear of self-promotion.  Although the fear of self-promotion does not have an official phobia name, its a devastating yet common fear that can wreak havoc on your daily life. People who are afraid to self-promote could be passed over for job promotions, miss opportunities to connect with potential dates and avoid possibly fulfilling hobbies. So its worthwhile to ease this fear in yourself. Imposter Syndrome A fear of self-promotion  is related to imposter syndrome, an unofficial but heavily researched psychological issue.  Both men and women can suffer from imposter syndrome, although men may be less likely to own up to it.  If you suffer from this disorder, you hold a deep-seated belief that no matter how good your achievements, you will ultimately be discovered as a fraud.   There are a variety of ways in which this fear might present itself. You might intentionally or subconsciously downplay your achievements. You might look to others to validate your own sense of self-worth as an intelligent, competent human being. You may be reluctant to subject yourself to scrutiny. In fact, you may be hypersensitive to criticism, seeing it as proof of your incompetence. How a Fear of Self-Promotion Can Hurt You The effects of the fear of self-promotion depend largely on your individual circumstances.  Singers, actors, musicians, writers and other artists must constantly self-promote, convincing agents and audiences of their talent. But virtually any career can be derailed by the fear of self-promotion. Whether you are climbing a corporate ladder or contemplating going into business for yourself, marketing is a key component of success. People with the fear of self-promotion tend to self-select into low-level jobs that reward conformity and discourage ambition, even if they find the work boring or unfulfilling. Fear of self-promotion can also wreak havoc on your personal life. Confidence is an important quality in a potential mate, whether male or female. First dates require a delicate balance: presenting your best self while avoiding sounding like youre bragging. Even landing that first date can be challenging if youre afraid of letting others know whats unique or special about you. Fears of Failure and Success The fear of self-promotion is often intertwined with the twin fears of failure and success. To promote yourself is to take a risk, putting yourself out there for others to judge. That first step often leads to one of two outcomes: success or failure. The fears of failure and success sometimes exist in one person at the same time. When coupled with a fear of self-promotion, virtually every decision that you make must be carefully measured. Its easy to find yourself literally frozen, unable to make even the smallest decisions on your own. Treating the Fear of Self-Promotion The fear of self-promotion, like most fears, seems to respond well to cognitive-behavioral techniques. Exploratory or psychodynamic psychotherapy may also be helpful in understanding possible underlying conflicts leading to this issue. Affirmations are simple but powerful statements that can help change your thinking. Here are a few examples that might help you overcome a fear of self-promotion: I have something unique to offer.I am talented, intelligent and capable.I am no better or worse than the person I need to impress. We are both human beings. You can also write your own affirmations. If your fear hinges on a particular self-doubt or a particular situation, write an affirmation that addresses your situation. Read or recite your affirmations at least once a day, preferably more. Looking at yourself in the mirror can help the affirmation sink in. The goal is to replace your negative self-talk with positive messages and repeat those messages until you genuinely believe them. Sometimes the fear of self-promotion is deeply rooted in other fears or beliefs about yourself. If your fear is limiting your life, or you are unable to work through it on your own, consider seeking treatment. A therapist can help you sort out the issues involved in your fear and develop a treatment plan to overcome them. The fear of self-promotion can be challenging, but with hard work and a bit of help, there is no reason that you should continue to suffer.

Short-Term Memory Loss in Finding Nemos Dori - 625 Words

The beloved Disney movie Finding Nemo features both a colorful underwater landscape and a psychologically diverse cast of characters. From the obsessive Bubbles (a fish obsessed with bubbles) and Gurgle (the germophobic fish at the dentists office), to the shark trio that refuses to eat fish, and the confused Deb, who thinks her reflection is actually her twin sister, Flo, most of the characters in the movie seem to exhibit some sort of quirky condition. Nemo himself has a physical disability (his â€Å"lucky fin†) that he learns to overcome in order to develop self-confidence. Marlin also exhibits anxiety and trust issues, which he overcomes throughout the course of the movie. One of the main characters, Dory, has a specific disability that she must learn to adapt to in order to complete her journey: short-term memory loss. Dory is perhaps the most beloved character in Finding Nemo because she has such a big heart and radiates optimism despite (and possibly because of) her st ruggles with short-term memory loss. When we first meet Dory, she clumsily swims into a frantic Marlin, who is searching for his recently lost son. Dory agrees to help him look, but while leading Marlin to where she last saw a boat, she forgets what she was doing and mistakes Marlin for a stalker, quickly becoming defensive, much to Marlin’s confusion. Luckily she understands and explains to him that she has a condition called short-term memory loss, which she claims runs in her family

United States Involvement in South Vietnam - 1676 Words

United States Involvement in South Vietnam It is apparent from source A that America was involved in Vietnam to maintain capitalism and to suppress communism. The writer of the source, John F Kennedy, had a high position in the US government and he makes the point that the Americans did not like communism and wanted to stop it spreading. If the red tide of communism overflowed into Vietnam, then Burma, Thailandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦and Cambodia would be threatened. This shows the Americans definitely knew that if they did not step in and support the Vietnamese, the Domino theory would occur. This theory stated that if one country fell to communism, so would the surrounding countries, like dominoes set up in a†¦show more content†¦It does not give percentages of people for whom Vietnam was concern and it also does not state why it was a concern. It could have been because it was costing the American public too much money in taxes, or was it because of the amount of young American men getting injured? Maybe it was a sentimental concern for their sons and husbands and fathers? Or was it because they were genuinely concerned about the spr ead of communism? It appears, therefore, that both sources are useful, but have limitations. Study sources E, F, G and H use the evidence of these sources and your own knowledge to explain why public opinion changed between 1967 and 1970 Public opinion changed dramatically between 1967 and 1970 largely due to the media and television coverage of the events in Vietnam. Source G is from an article published in Time Magazine. Time is widely read by American citizens and is very pro-America. However, this article gave the truth about what was really happening in Vietnam. The writer was a first hand witness to the brutal and needless killing of innocent people and he does not cover up for the American soldiers. This would have had an impact on what civvie America would have thought because it would make them angry to see their husband, sons, fathers, brothers, uncles, behaving in that way whenShow MoreRelatedThe Nature And Consequences Of Vietnam1576 Words   |  7 PagesThe nature and consequences of US involvement in Vietnam until 1968 are categorically characterised by Economic, Social, political and military linkages with the nation on both flanks of the demilitarised zone on the 17th parallel. The consequences associated, in regards to the United States escalation of involvement in economic, social, political and military relations in both Sou th and North Vietnam, were substantial in the sense that the United States would ultimately shape a volatile politicalRead MoreSocial Differences Of The Korean War And Vietnam War826 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferences are the root cause of many wars. These two major wars, the Korean War and the Vietnam War, not only had serious impact within the country, but also give a prime example of how similar and different between the two. Both wars were commenced similarly from its conflict with expansion of a communist government and the involvement of the United States. Differences came from the involvement of the United Nation and the outcome of both wars. The similarity between theRead MoreThe War Of The Vietnam War1475 Words   |  6 Pageshad on one such event, the Vietnam War, came from entertainment-based programs and the play Miss Saigon. Despite heavy coverage in such well-known comedic films as Forrest Gump and Good Morning Vietnam, the true events were any thing but a laugh for those involved. In spite of the relative recentness of the events in Vietnam, many of today’s youths know little about the topic. The events in Vietnam raise the ever-present question on the ethics of third party involvement in a war otherwise unrelatedRead MoreVietnam War Paper1273 Words   |  6 PagesThe Vietnam War escalated from a Vietnamese civil war into a limited international conflict, in which the United States was deeply involved. The Vietnam War was fought in South Vietnam between government forces aided by the United States and guerilla forces aided by the North Vietnamese. Despite increased American military involvement and signed peace agreements in 1973, the Vietnam War did not end until North Vietnams successful invasion of South Vietnam in 1975. The Vietnam War may have beenRead MoreThe Vietnam War1183 Words   |  5 PagesThe Vietnam War also known as the Second Indochina war took place in December 1956 through April 30 1975 to th e fall of Saigon. It is one of the most debatable armed forces combats that the United States of America participated in. The United States involvement the civil war that took place in South Vietnam, North Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos, was characterized by numerous conflicting positions. South Vietnam was supported by United States and other anti-communist countries. The Viet Cong or† NFL†Read MoreThe American Role During The Vietnam War Still Sparks Much Debate Today1390 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican role in the Vietnam War still sparks much debate today. There is a sharp focus on the Americans role in the Vietnam War because of the tragic end for the South Vietnamese. The United States faced much criticism world wide through literature during the war that continued after the war ended in 1975. The American governments reasoning for getting involved was to prevent the spread of communism in South Vietnam and to essentially prevent the domino effect. South Vietnam had no hope of winningRead MoreDuring the Vietnam War Era1109 Words   |  5 PagesDuring the Vietnam War era, the United States and other democratic and free nations were fearful of communism spreading to more parts of the world. They fought two world wars to protect freedom, and to contain the communist movements. The foreign policy of the United States evolved to that of a pre-emptive type strike on the possibility of communism surfacing and threatening free countries. Harry S. Truman began to theorize that if a communist nation took over a non-communist state, then neighboringRead MoreThe Vietnam War Cost the U.S. More than Money Essay902 Words   |  4 PagesU.S.A Involvement in Vietnam War Direct U.S. military involvement in The Vietnam War, the nations longest, cost fifty-eight thousand American lives. Only the Civil War and the two world wars were deadlier for Americans. During the decade of Vietnam start in 1964, the U.S Treasury spent over $140 billion on the war, enough m oney to fund urban regeneration projects in every major American city. In spite of these enormous costs and their accompanying public and private disturbance for the AmericanRead MoreThe Vietnam War And The Cold War1494 Words   |  6 Pagesexamining the Vietnam War you must first understand the involvement of the events surrounding the Cold War. The ‘Vietnam War’ as it is known is a product of the cold war era, by this I mean that events in the Cold War led to the US’s involvement and creation of issues causing the conflict. â€Å"The Vietnam War was a long, costly armed conflict that pitted the communist regime of North Vietnam and its southern allies, known as the Viet Cong, against South Vietnam and its principal ally, the United States.† TheRead MoreThe U.S. Contained Communism in Vietnam1552 Words   |  7 PagesIn 1949, Mao Zedong led the Peoples Revolution, which established a Communist State in China. Communism has now been introduced to Asia. In this period, after World War II, Communism was a popular ideology being introduced throughout the world. Vietnam was one of the many countries under the threat of Communism. At this time, Vietnam was a French Colony. As time went on tension started to come between the French and the Vietnamese people. As tension increased so did the fighting between the French

How successful was the Nazi’ Economic Policy between 1933 and 1939 Free Essays

In 1932, 5. 6 million people were unemployed. Hitler aimed to massively decrease unemployment in Germany and this was one of the most attractive aims, from the voters’ point of view, on the economic policy. We will write a custom essay sample on How successful was the Nazi’ Economic Policy between 1933 and 1939 or any similar topic only for you Order Now High employment would mean a boost in the economy. He also aimed to remove Jews from the economy, thus creating jobs for Aryans as well as excluding the ‘aliens’. After World War 1, the Treaty of Versailles demanded that Germany pay reparations of 6600 million to the victorious nations. This was an enormous figure and because the treaty also removed Germany’s most productive industrial areas from her, such as the Ruhr, she struggled to pay them. This was one element that caused Germany’s economy to collapse; because she was unable to gain sufficiently from industry. Hitler therefore aimed to end the reparation payments, thus giving Germany a greater chance of recovering a successful economy because she would have more funds available to develop industry. The level of industrial production in Germany was very low compared to the glorious days of the Kaiser. Hitler planned to increase it in order to give Germany a chance in boosting her economy. If Germany could boost her levels of industry; she would gain more money and, therefore, have more money available to further develop industry, thus creating an exponential rise in production. Hitler believed that the Jews were responsible for the downfall of the great nation of Germany. He blamed them for the loss of World War 1 and believed they were taking part in a conspiracy to completely destroy the country. Therefore, he aimed to remove Jews from the economy to maintain a secure Germany. Jews also dominated many successful businesses and Hitler disliked this because it disagreed with his ideas about Aryans being the master race. Therefore, he aimed to remove them to give Aryans job opportunities and exclude Jews from Germany. The Treaty of Versailles had limited Germany’s armies and called for disarmament. This meant Germany had no means of protecting herself and was powerless and weak in the eyes of other nations. Hitler was a great believer in the use of weapons and the need for powerful armies. Therefore, he aimed to devote time and money to develop the army once again and make a visual impression of a more powerful Germany. Hitler’s eventual aim was to make Germany a self-sufficient Country. This meant that he wanted Germany to be completely independent and manufacture everything she needed within her borders, not relying on foreign imports for any material at all. This was a very high aim indeed because she had lost her colonies as a result of the Treaty of Versailles and had limited access to many vital raw materials unless she imported them. The Nazi’s ambitious yet promising Economic Policy was very appealing to the desperate German citizens at the time and perhaps it was one of the main reasons people voted Nazi; they simply wanted to see their country and themselves thrive. However, I must now look at the degree of success and whether the citizens got what they were promised. During the Weimar Republic Streseman managed to join Germany to the League of Nations. He then began to reverse reparation payments implemented by the Treaty of Versailles in order to relieve some of the stress the nation was burdened with. Before Hitler came to power in 1933, Heinrich Bruning, former chancellor, had already managed to cancel out the remaining reparations through negotiation. Therefore, when Hitler was made chancellor, the aim of ending reparations had already been achieved; therefore, he could not take credit for this. However, he benefited from this because Germany was no longer under the influence of the Allies. The German citizens associated Hitler with independence and hope because The Treaty of Versailles was no longer such a prominent reminder of the disasters of World War 1. They believed Hitler could make Germany powerful once again. Hitler tackled unemployment by creating vast numbers of jobs. He set up programs to build many autobahns (motorways) across Germany. The workers were forced to build the roads manually, using old technology, in a similar style to that of the Romans, so that the job would take much longer and insure they remained employed for a greater time period. In just one year since Hitler became chancellor (1934), one million people were employed building these roads. The building of high rise flats also created further job vacancies. The remaining unemployed citizens were sent to the SA, SS, other Nazi organisations, Gestapo, Army, Navy or shipbuilding. This helped to reduce unemployment to just one million by 1936, and to negligible levels by 1938. Aryanisation of the economy was also achieved in 1938, when all Jews were removed from the economy and this helped additionally to increase Aryan employment. Hitler was very successful in reducing unemployment. The whole of Germany being employed meant that the economy could grow because people had money to spend on luxury items. This in turn meant that industrial production could be boosted and the economy improved. Hitler also created his own added advantages to high levels of employment because of the fields in which he created jobs. He managed to build roads which would be useful for transporting armies, and also increase the size of Nazi organisations, secret services, and the army. Many of the unemployed people would have been the working class and by giving them jobs in the Nazi party they would have been forced to work for Hitler and, therefore, give him support; thus making the Nazis even more powerful. I was unemployed for many years. I’d have made a pact with the devil to get work. Hitler came along and got me work so I followed him. ‘ A German worker. Employment greatly reduced the risk of an attempted revolution because people were happy when they had jobs and money. In 1930, the size of the German army was 100,000 compared to the pre-Word War 1 figure of 2,200,000. The Treaty of Versailles had put limits on the German army in order to prevent them from becoming powerful again, but by 1933 Hitler was sufficiently confident the League of Nations had little influence and would not intervene. He increased the army to 800,050 in 1933 and allowed four billion Reichmarks for expenditure. In 1938, 26 billion reichmarks were allowed. Half of the over all budget was spent on the air force or Luftwaffe and this paid off well in the bombing campaigns of World War 2. When the army was finally used for the war, it was sufficiently developed to last for six years without lacking efficiency. Therefore, Hitler was successful in rearming Germany because his military campaigns had some success. In rearming Germany he was also successful in emitting a powerful image to other nations and restoring the German’ citizens confidence. When the people were aware of the large strong armies, they became proud and gave Hitler more support because he had made Germany powerful once more. Developing the army also made sure he was prepared for military campaigns in expanding Germany’s influence. After unemployment decreased, industrial production increased and the economy thrived. The demand for millions of Heil Hitler uniforms meant a boom in the textiles industry as factories strived to produce enough. The building of new houses and flats meant a demand for household goods and people buying these items with their wages put money into the economy. The rearmament of the army also meant that the demand for weapons and equipment set the steel mills, coal- mines and factories back into production (also increasing long term employment). This boosted industrial production and, therefore, boosted the economy. Gross National Production increased by 68% between 1933 and 1938; this was more than a doubling. ‘Recovery did occur at a faster rate until at a higher level than almost anywhere in Europe’ Richard Overy. Therefore, Hitler was successful in increasing industrial activity in Germany. This meant confidence in the Nazi party grew because citizens were aware of the economic boom. Germany began to thrive and become rich from industry and this meant Hitler could spend more money on developing the armies and making his country powerful. Between 1933 and 1936, Jews remained in the economy. This was because Jewish businesses were too valuable to the German economy to be destroyed. Hitler waited until the economy was stabilised and thriving until he began to exclude Jews. The Berlin Olympics further delayed this aim because Hitler didn’t want other nations to witness his blatant anti-Semitic actions. However, by 1938 Aryanisation of the economy had been achieved and all Jewish businesses removed. The unemployed Jews were not counted in unemployment figures because they were not considered citizens after the Nuremberg Laws of 1935. Hitler was, therefore, successful in this aim because no Jew had a job in Germany and this created more jobs for Aryans and forced Jews into submission. After 1939, synthetic rubber or bung (very important in industry) could be produced enough in Germany so that her demands were met import more. However, prior to 1939, it could not. Also, Only half of German oil requirements were met by domestic oil fields or ersatz, the remaining requirements had to be imported in order to continue hydrocarbon-related production. Between 1939 and 1945 Germany was totally dependant on Sweden for imports of iron ore to manufacture war materials and such like. Therefore, Hitler was not very successful in making Germany an Autarkic country because Germany was not 100% self sufficient and relied on other countries to continue successful industrial production, There was no overall increase in agricultural production during Hitler’s time in power. Although wheat and vegetable oil manufacture increased, this was at the expense of the prosperity of meat production. Even with the increased amounts of home produced vegetable oil, its high demand as a lubricant for factory machinery meant that more had to be imported in order to keep industry running. Germany also imported much of her food. Therefore, Hitler did not succeed in making Germany self-sufficient because she relied on other countries in order to keep running efficiently. Without imports, her industry would have collapsed and the economic policy would have lacked success. In conclusion, most of the Nazi aims in the Economic Policy were successful. Hitler managed to raise employment levels to almost 100%; more than double industrial production, exclude Jews; rearm and develop an army powerful enough to fight a war with much success for six years; and, therefore, greatly boost Germany’s economy and the public’s spirits. He did not, however, create and Autarkic country. This was a long-term aim and if he had been successful in World War 2 he would have achieved this. How to cite How successful was the Nazi’ Economic Policy between 1933 and 1939, Papers

Patents Essentials

When the government of the United States of America grants intellectual rights to an individual, it issues him or her with a patent. The USA government issues patents to prevent infringement of an inventor right to a novel idea thus, promoting science. A patent is a monopoly to the inventor of an original idea.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Patent’s Essentials specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Gibbs and Dematteis, the three general forms of patents include utility, design, and plant patents (4). USTPO gives plant patents to any person who asexually invents a new plant. Design patents are granted to individuals who come up with a product for manufacture that is new and original. Individuals who â€Å"invent new processes, original product for manufacture, new improvement of a product already in the market, and new composition† (Ginns and Dematteis 5) get utility patents. The product roa d mapping method of new product ideas defines reinventions and improvements made to product over its life cycle since inception to the stage it is in the life cycle. This helps in identifying potential improvements to the product to come up with a new product idea. Using this method, we come up with a new product idea for a fridge with a water and ice dispenser. Obtaining of a patent is prerequisite before turning the idea into a product. When investigating patent right for a new product idea, the applicant should use the United states of America Patents and Trademarks (USTPO) website and database. The applicant should start by finding out whether the product idea has any prior patents registered. Finding prior patents is achievable by searching the USOTP database for registered patents. The applicant should then determine the nature of patent suitable for his/her product idea. The applicant determines the filing strategy. If the inventor of the idea wants to patent the product idea globally, he or she should seek the provision for international protection offered under the utility he or she wants to patent. However, if the inventor wants to obtain a patent for his/her product just in the United Stated of America, s/he should determine whether the patent would just be on a provisional basis or non-provisional. The applicant then determines if registration of the patent will be in the inventor’s name or an agent. An examination and application fee is prerequisite before issuing of patents. After the applicant meets the requirements, USTPO grants him or her with a patent. The new product idea for a fridge with ice and water dispenser is not possible because patents issuing already happened to other inventors, who were the originators of the idea, as shown in attached document. The idea would attract a lawsuit if a patent filled for the idea for a fridge with a dispenser.Advertising Looking for essay on intellectual property? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This act is an infringement of the inventor’s rights to his or her patent. The applicant should carry out an assessment of rights covered by patents and the validity of the rights of the patent already issued and then modify he product idea of fridge with a water dispenser to fall outside those rights. If it is not possible to invent a modified product idea that would allow manufacturing of the fridge with a dispenser without attracting an infringement lawsuit, then the production of the fridge is still possible after obtaining authorization rights. The owner of the patent can allow manufacturing of the fridge after the issuance of a license. Works Cited Gibbs, Andy, and Dematteis, Bob. Essentials of patents. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons, 2003. Print. This essay on Patent’s Essentials was written and submitted by user G1de0n to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Why Black Neo-Conservatives matter Essay Example

Why Black Neo Why Black Neo-Conservatives matter Essay Why Black Neo-Conservatives matter Essay Clarence Thomas Thomas affirms that affirmative action is bait that has successfully captured African Americans. Thomas states that most black people blame their failings on white people. He states that this should not be the case; they should take responsibility for their failures and mistakes. He claims that black people are divided along class lines and the divisions along class lines outweigh racism about discrimination. His work targets the African American community and the American government (Thomas 13). He states that African Americans are confused about the nature of their responsibilities. He claims that most African Americans believe that because the government ignored the repercussions of racism for a long time, it should bear the entire burden correcting the problem. He states that direct and large-scale intervention can ensure that the cycle of deprivation that is associated with the African American community is resolved. He is also of the opinion that development of human capital among poor African- Americans will be invaluable towards addressing the inequality problem (Jones 370). He is of the opinion that jobs, education, and housing should be promoted among the African American community as a step towards ensuring that the issue of racism and the inequality problem is addressed. He affirms that use of quotas for hiring, college admissions and jobs for the benefit of African Americans and other minority groups perpetuates a culture of dependency among African- Americans and it is a violation of constitutional principles (Thomas 27). He argues that affirmative action has done nothing to alleviate poverty among African- Americans. According to Thomas, middle- class blacks are the ones who would be able to gain access to schools and employment opportunities. He also states that affirmative action deters African- Americans from forging an independent and group economy. He argues that even though affirmative action stresses on integration, its emphasis is on outward mobility, it sacrifices black institutions through inattention and lack of support. He states that forced school integration is retrogressive. He states that blacks will never be seen as whites and there is a high chance that school integration will worsen race relations. He states black children gain nothing by simply seating next to whites and can do quite well in their schools (Jones 370). Thomas arguments are partially convincing. There is a need for the African American community to rise above historical injustices a chart a progressive path that will lead them to prosperity. Thomas work is different from most of other works in black political thought. Most other works in black political thought support affirmative action and use of quotas; quotas are seen as a tool to increase chances of African Americans success in life. Alan Keyes Keys states that most of the black underclass are underachievers, criminally inclined and unmotivated to do something constructive with their lives. He opposes the legacy of Black power era. He blames the Black power era for instilling a sense of entitlement among African Americans. His work targets the African American community (Jones 384). He alleges that civil rights movements leaders unfairly benefited from manipulation of African Americans by use of the race issue. He states that the civil rights legislation created a situation whereby African Americans are embroiled in pathological dependency (Keyes and Grant 35). He opposes the stance that has always been taken by a majority of African- Americans as being victims of racial prejudice in the United States. He asserts that unless African- Americans stop seeing themselves as victims, they will never be free. He states that most African- Americans subscribe to the victim oriented identity that exaggerates effects of racism to evoke guilt among white people. He affirms that affirmative action perpetuates victimization among African Americans. He states that welfare perpetuates victimization among African- Americans. He advocates for free enterprise as one of the ways blacks can be freed, and race issues can be resolved (Johnson et al. 24). He states that liberal programs have made African Americans be profoundly embroiled in pathological dependency. He states that the pathological dependency that African- Americans are embroiled in is the major reason for the debilitating conditions of the Blacks underclass (Jones 391). Keyes arguments are convincing; there is a lot of pathological dependency among the African American community; this habit has to come to an end if black people want to be treated with the same respect accorded to whites. Keyes work is different from most of other works in black political thought. Most other works in black political thought cherish the Black power era Michael Steele Black states that individuals should take personal responsibility in overcoming racial barriers and not depend on the government in entirety to fight the vice. He argues that personal responsibility is the two paths that provide solutions to race problems that African Americans have grappled with for a very long time. He is against liberalism, and he opposes the legacy of the Civil Rights movement (Jones 407). Steele arguments are convincing; there is a need for African Americans to stop being bitter and blameful of whites for their predicament. African Americans also have to be reconciliatory to their white counterparts as a step towards ensuring that the ugly face of racism is eradicated. He states that the pathological dependency that blacks are embroiled in is the major cause of slow progress about education and economic empowerment among African- Americans. He states that affirmative action impedes the racial progress of the American people. He opposes the commonly held view in the United States that white supremacy is prevalent and has become more subtle (Horowitz 15). He is against social policies that encourage African Americans to continue being dependants of social welfare. He is of the opinion that African- Americans should be economically empowered so that they may stop being dependents of the state. He affirms that it is by being economically independent that the integrity of the African- American community can be restored (Tate and Randolph 15). Steeles work is quite convincing; there is a need for African-Americans to play an important role in improving race relations in the United States. Steeles work is different from most of other works in black political thought. Most other works in black political thought perpetuate a victim mentality among African Americans, Steele urges African Americans to shed of the mentality. Horowitz, David. Black Book of the American Left: The Collected Conservative Writings of David Horowitz. Los Angeles: Second Thoughts Books, 2013. Print. Jones, Angela. The Modern African American Political Thought Reader: From David Walker to Barack Obama. New York, NY: Routledge, 2013. Print. Johnson, Ollie A, and Karin L. Stanford. Black Political Organizations in the Post-Civil Rights Era. New Brunswick, N.J: Rutgers University Press, 2002. Print. Keyes, Alan L, and George Grant. Our Character, Our Future: Reclaiming Americas Moral Destiny. Grand Rapids, Mich: Zondervan Pub. House, 1996. Print. Tate, Gayle T, and Lewis A. Randolph. Dimensions of Black Conservatism in the United States: Made in America. London/Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002. Print. Thomas, Andrew P. Clarence Thomas: A Biography. San Francisco: Encounter Books, 2001. Print.

How Carbon Fiber Tubes Are Made

How Carbon Fiber Tubes Are Made Carbon fiber tubes are ideal for both the hobbyist and industry professional. Using the rigidity of the carbon fibers, an extremely stiff yet lightweight tubular structure can be used in a wide range of applications. Carbon fiber tubes can replace steel, but more often than not, it is replacing aluminum. In many instances, a carbon fiber tube can weigh 1/3rd of an aluminum tube and still have the same or better strength characteristics. Because of this, carbon fiber reinforced tubes are often found in applications lightweight is crucial, like aerospace, race cars, and recreational sports. The most common carbon fiber tubular profile shapes are squares, rectangles, and circular. The rectangular and square profiles are commonly referred to as a box beam. Carbon fiber box beams provide excellent rigidity to a structure and simulate two parallel I-beams. Carbon Fiber Tube Applications Any application where weight is crucial, switching to carbon fiber will be beneficial. The following are some of the most common uses of carbon fiber tubes: Aerospace beams and sparsFormula 1 structural componentsArrow shaftsBicycle tubesKayak paddles Manufacturing Carbon Fiber Tubes Hollow composite structures can be difficult to manufacture. This is because pressure needs to be applied to both in internal and the external side of the laminate. More often than not, carbon fiber tubes with a continuous profile are manufactured by either pultrusion or filament winding. Pultruded tubes are by far the most cost-effective method of manufacturing continuous composite profiles. When pultruding a hollow tube, a floating mandrel is required. A chromed steel rod is firmly affixed in place on the side of the die where the raw material enters. The mounting hardware is far enough away that does not interfere with the impregnated fiber as it enters the die. The space between the mandrel and the die will determine the wall thickness of the carbon fiber tube. Pultruding carbon fiber tubes allow for the production of tubing of virtually any length. Transportation of the tube is generally the restriction on length. In pultrusion, most of the fiber will run the direction of the tube. This creates a tube with a tremendous about of stiffness, but not much hoop strength, or cross-directional strength. Filament Wound Carbon Fiber Tubes For increased strength and properties in all directions, filament winding is an effective method in manufacturing carbon fiber tubes. Filament wound tubes are cost effective and have excellent properties, however, the largest limitation is based on the length of the winding machine. Other Manufacturing Processes Pultrusion and filament winding, although the most common, is not the only way to manufacture carbon fiber tubes. Bladder molding, compression molding, vacuum infusion, and autoclave processing are all methods to manufacture carbon fiber tubes. Each has its own advantage and disadvantage as well.

Should high schools in America be single or mixed gender, (should high Essay

Should high schools in America be single or mixed gender, (should high schools be all boy all girl or should they be mixed) - Essay Example The same is discussed at length in the paper, to arrive at a logical conclusion, regarding the viability and credibility of single-sex education as the most preferred and beneficial environment for learning. Today there has been a renewed interest in assessing the type of educational environment for students – i.e. single gender or coeducational setting and its likely influences positive or otherwise, on the learning abilities of the students enrolled therein. Various claims have been made by supporters and critics alike, regarding the likely impact of the educational environment or type of schooling on fostering the leadership skills, risks associated with sexual harassment, availability of better opportunities as well as eliminating or fuelling gender stereotypes. While some researchers have stressed on the advantages and significance of single-sex education as the single most tool of enhancing the educational experience of the students and securing their long term prospects, yet others have vehemently opposed the same, categorizing such a system as essentially reintroducing gender barriers and providing differing treatment to students on the basis of their gender. Although, with respect to any given educational setting, learning outcomes are a consequence of an interplay of various factors – such as, social, emotional, psychological, physical and intellectual and can hardly be construed as resulting from a single variable. The educational policy of the schools, composition of subjects taught, family background of the students etc work collaboratively towards enhancing the student’s overall performance. The change in socio-cultural environments have brought about significant transformations with regard to the opportunities available for both male as well as female students and hence played a major role in revolutionizing their educational experiences (Bracey, 2007). During the early 20th century, the country witnessed a shift from the highly

History of the Olympic Games Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

History of the Olympic Games - Term Paper Example The Olympics was later revived by Baron Pierre de Coubertin of France in 1894 with the formation of the International Olympic committee (IOC) which is the governing body until now. Since then, the events are held every four years during summer and winter. This paper will outline the history of Olympic Games from inception to date highlighting the major changes the games have undergone. These began in ancient Greece 3000 years ago. However, it is not known when the games actually began as some date back to 776 B.C while others indicate earlier or later dates. From 8th century B.C to 4th century A.D, the games were held every four years between August 6 and September 19 during religious festivals at the Olympia in honor of Greek god Zeus (Crowther 45-46). The Olympia was situated in West coast of Peloponnese or what was referred as the Island of â€Å"Pelops’ who was the founder of Olympic Games. According to Olympic.org (nap), it was a meeting place for worship, political and religious practices as early as 10th century B.C. At the central part of the Olympia lay the temple of Zeus hence most events were held during religious festivals of cult of Zeus. The games were entrenched in the aristocratic ideals of â€Å"the beautiful and the good† which included spiritual and moral excellence, harmony, skill, balance and grace (Crowther 58). These ideals ar e still embraced by IOC today. The games were held every four years between city-states and kingdoms and involved a period of Olympic peace during which safe passage across the Mediterranean was allowed for 3 months before and after the games. Noticeable is the fact that only men were allowed to participate in the games and married women were not allowed to be spectators. According to Crowther â€Å"the men were to be male, of Greek city-state and tribe, free born, have legitimate

The Role of Women in Tibetan Buddhism Essay -- Inferior Religion Paper

The Role of Women in Tibetan Buddhism â€Å"In Tantric Buddhism, we are dealing with a misogynist, destructive, masculine philosophy and religion which is hostile to life – i.e. the precise opposite of that for which it is trustingly and magnanimously welcomed in the figure of the Dalai Lama.†[1] Within Tibetan Buddhism, there is an inherent contradiction regarding the status of women. Although in many aspects women are seen and treated as inferior to men, several of the ancient and fundamental values of Tibetan Buddhism, and more specifically Tantric Buddhism, emphasize equality of the sexes, universal compassion, and most importantly the significant and essential role of the woman. Tibetan Buddhist nuns have been trying to correct this contradiction for years to remove the inferior and degrading stereotype that defines them and to be seen as equal to men. Beginning with the emergence of Tibetan Buddhism from India until today, the status of women, both physically and symbolically has decli ned due to the patriarchal system adopted by Tibet. â€Å"The mystery of Tantric Buddhism consists in the sacrifice of the feminine principle and the manipulation of erotic love in order to attain universal androcentric power.†[2] In their patriarchal society, the symbol of the woman is used by men now as an instrument; manipulated by men in order to acquire control and power. Many of the influences of Tibetan Buddhism came from India thousands of years ago. There were four phases leading up to the Tantric practice that is known today. 560 B.C.E. to 480 B.C.E. marked the first stage, the life of Siddharta Gautama, who Tibetans believe to be the original Buddha. The legend of the Buddha is that he was conceived in ... ...part I, section 2. [10] Trimondi, Victor and Victoria, The Shadow of the Dalai Lama, part I, section 2. [11] Trimondi, Victor and Victoria, The Shadow of the Dalai Lama, part I, section 2. [12] Campbell, June, Traveller in Space, p.47. [13] Allione, Tsultrim, Women of Wisdom, p.41. [14] Campbell, June, Traveller in Space, p.128. [15] Campbell, June, Traveller in Space, p.157. [16] Campbell, June, Traveller in Space, p.149. [17] Havnevik, Hanna, Tibetan Buddhist Nuns, p.48. [18] Havnevik, Hanna, Tibetan Buddhist Nuns, p.131. [19] Aham, Arya, Encounter With a Bodhisattva, p.3. [20] Havnevik, Hanna, Tibetan Buddhist Nuns, p.142. [21] Havnevik, Hanna, Tibetan Buddhist Nuns, p.184. [22] Havnevik, Hanna, Tibetan Buddhist Nuns, p.135. [23] Havnevik, Hanna, Tibetan Buddhist Nuns, p.185. [24] Allione, Tsultrim, Women of Wisdom, p.2. The Role of Women in Tibetan Buddhism Essay -- Inferior Religion Paper The Role of Women in Tibetan Buddhism â€Å"In Tantric Buddhism, we are dealing with a misogynist, destructive, masculine philosophy and religion which is hostile to life – i.e. the precise opposite of that for which it is trustingly and magnanimously welcomed in the figure of the Dalai Lama.†[1] Within Tibetan Buddhism, there is an inherent contradiction regarding the status of women. Although in many aspects women are seen and treated as inferior to men, several of the ancient and fundamental values of Tibetan Buddhism, and more specifically Tantric Buddhism, emphasize equality of the sexes, universal compassion, and most importantly the significant and essential role of the woman. Tibetan Buddhist nuns have been trying to correct this contradiction for years to remove the inferior and degrading stereotype that defines them and to be seen as equal to men. Beginning with the emergence of Tibetan Buddhism from India until today, the status of women, both physically and symbolically has decli ned due to the patriarchal system adopted by Tibet. â€Å"The mystery of Tantric Buddhism consists in the sacrifice of the feminine principle and the manipulation of erotic love in order to attain universal androcentric power.†[2] In their patriarchal society, the symbol of the woman is used by men now as an instrument; manipulated by men in order to acquire control and power. Many of the influences of Tibetan Buddhism came from India thousands of years ago. There were four phases leading up to the Tantric practice that is known today. 560 B.C.E. to 480 B.C.E. marked the first stage, the life of Siddharta Gautama, who Tibetans believe to be the original Buddha. The legend of the Buddha is that he was conceived in ... ...part I, section 2. [10] Trimondi, Victor and Victoria, The Shadow of the Dalai Lama, part I, section 2. [11] Trimondi, Victor and Victoria, The Shadow of the Dalai Lama, part I, section 2. [12] Campbell, June, Traveller in Space, p.47. [13] Allione, Tsultrim, Women of Wisdom, p.41. [14] Campbell, June, Traveller in Space, p.128. [15] Campbell, June, Traveller in Space, p.157. [16] Campbell, June, Traveller in Space, p.149. [17] Havnevik, Hanna, Tibetan Buddhist Nuns, p.48. [18] Havnevik, Hanna, Tibetan Buddhist Nuns, p.131. [19] Aham, Arya, Encounter With a Bodhisattva, p.3. [20] Havnevik, Hanna, Tibetan Buddhist Nuns, p.142. [21] Havnevik, Hanna, Tibetan Buddhist Nuns, p.184. [22] Havnevik, Hanna, Tibetan Buddhist Nuns, p.135. [23] Havnevik, Hanna, Tibetan Buddhist Nuns, p.185. [24] Allione, Tsultrim, Women of Wisdom, p.2.

History of Translation Short

HISTORY OF TRANSL. : †¢ St. Jerome-bible into latin †¢ 14/ 15 century: Chrystus z martwych wstal jest Psalterz florianski/ krol. Jadwigi- in 3 lang. Zoltarz dawidow- W. Wrobel, clumsy, latin syntax Only religious txts †¢ 16 cent. : first secular lit. Development of pl lang New testament by St. Murzynowski 1st full tr. of bible by Jan Wojek[you can borrow some things from previous tr. if are good] Leonard z Bonczy†historyja Aleksandra Wlk. .. Biernat z lbn „Raj duszny†, Ezop’s fables Jan z Koszczek „Rozmowy kt mial krol Salomon.. † †¢ 17 cent.Lukasz Gornicki „Dworzanin polski† Sep Sarzynski-paraphrasing songs Jan Kochanowski „Psalterz Dawidow† Andrzej Kochanowski- Wirgiliusz, Eneida †¢ Baroque: nothing important †¢ Enlightened: Developng of tr. Free tr. Polonisations Intermediere tr. Beginnning of tr. tech. Translator as a canon builder Bohomolec-tr. demand more work than original St. Kostka Pot ocki-prawdziwa sztuka to przekladanie, nie tr. Fr. Ks. Dmochowski- Homer, Milton W. Boguslawski â€Å"Hamlet† Adam Mickiewicz â€Å"Giaur† G. Byron Leon Borowski- rules of faithfull tr. J.Slowacki- â€Å"Ksiaze niezlomny† v. vague, far from orig. †¢ 19 cent. J. Paszkowski, St. Kozmian, L. Urlich- Shakespeare C. K. Norwid „Dante Comedies†- v. much of his style †¢ Positivism- Victorian lit. †¢ Fin de siecle Openess for tr. Zenon Przesmycki –Poe’s poetry Leopold Staff- versatile tr. Boleslaw Lesmian-Poe’s tales T. Boy Zelenski- Balzac, Proust †¢ 20 cent. Julian Tuwim- russian poetry Czeslaw Milosz- â€Å"The waist land† T. S. Elliot †¢ after war period publishing with cuts censorship authors tr works bec they couldn’t publish their own lit. M. Dabrowska] †¢ ‘50 tr. th: O. Lukasiewicz, R. Ingarden, Z. Klemensiewicz; †¢ ‘70 magic realism polemics, criticizm M. Slomczynskiâ⠂¬ Alice†¦ †, Shakespeare †¢ after 1989 trends in tr. St. Baranczak ENGLAND: King Alfred Aelfric G. Chaucer-fr. Works William Caxton- fr. txt William Tyndale- Bible, wide spectrum of styles, specific structure and rythm FRANCE: Charles V- infavour of tr. Jacque Amyat- the prince of tr. , rewival of tr. , making txt beautiful; Nicolas d’Abencourt- belle infidele Pierre le Tournier- Biblie

El boletín de visas para el mes diciembre de 2019

El boletà ­n de visas, que actualiza cada mes el Departamento de Estado, es fundamental  para las personas que està ¡n esperando por su tarjeta de residencia permanente en determinadas categorà ­as de solicitudes por familia o por trabajo, ya que significa que la espera ha terminado y se inicia la fase final de la tramitacià ³n. En este artà ­culo se explica para quà © tipo de peticiones de tarjeta de residencia, tambià ©n conocida como green card,  es relevante el boletà ­n de visas y quà © hacer si por edad o por matrimonio se cambia de categorà ­a. Asimismo, se informa sobre la  diferencia entre dates for filing y   final action date, cuà ¡l es el boletà ­n de visas actual y  cà ³mo  entenderlo. Finalmente, quà © esperar una vez que se inicia la fase final de la tramitacià ³n de la solicitud de la green card. Para quà © peticiones es importante el boletà ­n de visas El boletà ­n de visas es relevante para todas las categorà ­as de peticià ³n de tarjetas de residencia permanente por familia o por trabajo para las que existe un là ­mite mà ¡ximo que puede ser aprobado por aà ±o fiscal. En otras palabras, esto quiere decir que  no aplica a las peticiones de ciudadanos estadounidenses para sus hijos solteros menores de 21 aà ±os, cà ³nyuges o padres, ya que la ley no establece un là ­mite para esas solicitudes. Estas peticiones se tramitan sin espera y, en la actualidad, el proceso desde su inicio al fin es, aproximadamente, de doce meses. Por el contrario el boletà ­n de visa a aplica a las siguientes solicitudes de peticiones por familia: de ciudadano para hijo soltero mayor de 21 aà ±os, que se conoce como F1de residente permanente para cà ³nyuge y/o hijo soltero menor de 21 aà ±os, que se conoce como F2Ade residente permanente para hijo soltero mayor de 21 aà ±os, que se conoce F2Bde ciudadano para hijo casado de cualquier edad, que se conoce como F3de ciudadano para hermano, que se conoce como F4 Es posible cambiar de categorà ­a. Esto se debe a que la demora puede ser muy larga  y las circunstancias personales de la persona pedida o del solicitante  cambian. Por ejemplo, si un residente permanente solicita a un hijo soltero mayor de 21 aà ±os y durante la espera el residente se convierte en ciudadano por naturalizacià ³n, sucederà ­a que el hijo pedido pasarà ­a de estar en la categorà ­a F2B a ser un F1. Es conveniente notificar  estos cambios al USCIS mediante una carta.   Ademà ¡s, tener en cuenta que algunos cambios implican que la solicitud de los papeles no va a llegar a buen resultado. Por ejemplo, si un residente pide a un hijo soltero y à ©ste se casa durante la espera de los papeles, la peticià ³n se convierte en nula.   Finalmente, el boletà ­n de visas aplica en todas las categorà ­as de peticiones de tarjeta de residencia por trabajo. Diferencias entre Dates for filing y Final action date y por quà © es importante En el boletà ­n de visas hay dos tipos de fecha. En primer lugar, las que aplican a las personas  que pueden ajustar su estatus y que siguen lo que el gobierno llama Dates for filing. Eso quiere decir que ya pueden presentar los papeles para el ajuste cuando la  fecha de prioridad de su solicitud  es mà ¡s antigua que la fecha seà ±alada para su categorà ­a en el epà ­grafe  dates for filing. Sin embargo, tener en cuenta que la aplicacià ³n no puede ser aprobada mientras la fecha de prioridad de su solicitud no sea mà ¡s antigua que la fecha para su categorà ­a consignada bajo el epà ­grafe final action date. En otras palabras, los migrantes que està ¡n ya en Estados Unidos deben estar atentos a esas 2 fechas, la primera, para presentar los papeles del ajuste de estatus, y la segunda para calcular cuà ¡ndo la tramitacià ³n final tendrà ¡ lugar y asà ­ obtener su green card.   Entonces,  ¿por quà © es importante el date for filing si no se puede obtener la green card hasta que llega la fecha del final action? Pues porque si se està ¡ en Estados Unidos y se puede ajustar el estatus, en el momento en que se  presentan esos papeles se adquieren ciertos derechos, como la posibilidad de aplicar por un permiso de trabajo o de solicitar una autorizacià ³n para viajar fuera de Estados Unidos y regresar que se conoce como advance parole. Por el contrario, los emigrantes fuera de Estados Unidos que siguen lo que se conoce como un procedimiento consular sà ³lo deben estar atentos al final action date. Cuando llega esa fecha para su categorà ­a  es el Centro Nacional de Visas quien inicia la tramitacià ³n de los à ºltimos pasos de la peticià ³n de la green card. Boletà ­n visas diciembre  2019. Fechas corte final action Categorà ­a F1, hijos/as de ciudadano solteros y mayores de 21 aà ±os Mà ©xico: 8 de agosto de 1997Resto Latinoamà ©rica y Espaà ±a: 15 de mayo de 2013 Categorà ­a F2A, cà ³nyuges de residentes y sus hijos solteros menores de 21 Mà ©xico: corrienteResto Latinoamà ©rica y Espaà ±a: corriente Categorà ­a F2B, hijos de residente solteros mayores de 21 Mà ©xico: 22 de agosto de 1998Resto Latinoamà ©rica y Espaà ±a: 8 de agosto de 2014 Categorà ­a F3, hijos casados de ciudadano Mà ©xico: 22 de febrero de 1996Resto de Latinoamà ©rica y Espaà ±a: 8 de noviembre de 2007 Categorà ­a F4, hermanos de ciudadano Mà ©xico: 15 de diciembre de 1997Resto de Latinoamà ©rica y Espaà ±a: 1 de febrero de 2007 Categorà ­a por trabajo Primera Todos los paà ­ses Latinoamà ©rica y Espaà ±a: 15 de julio de 2018 Categorà ­as por trabajo Segunda Todos los paà ­ses Latinoamà ©rica y Espaà ±a: Corriente Categorà ­as por trabajo Tercera y Categorà ­a Otros Trabajadores Todos los paà ­ses Latinoamà ©rica y Espaà ±a: Corriente Categorà ­a por trabaja Cuarta Mà ©xico: 22 de julio de 2017El Salvador, Guatemala y Honduras: 1 de julio de 2016Otros paà ­ses de Latinoamà ©rica y Espaà ±a: Corriente Ciertos Trabajadores Religiosos: no disponible Boletà ­n visas diciembre 2019 Fechas corte dates for filing Categorà ­a F1, hijos solteros de ciudadano mayores de 21 aà ±os Mà ©xico: 15 de noviembre de 1999Resto de Latinoamà ©rica y Espaà ±a: 15 de noviembre de 2013 Categorà ­a F2A, cà ³nyuges de residentes e hijos solteros menores de 21 Mà ©xico: 1 de octubre de 2019Resto de Latinoamà ©rica y Espaà ±a: 1 de octubre de 2019 Categorà ­a F2B, hijos solteros de residentes mayores de 21 Mà ©xico: 22 de abril de 1999Resto de Latinoamà ©rica y Espaà ±a: 8 de febrero de 2015 Categorà ­a F3, hijos casados de ciudadano Mà ©xico: 15 de julio de 2000Resto de Latinoamà ©rica y Espaà ±a: 15 de mayo de 2008 Categorà ­a F4, hermanos de ciudadanos Mà ©xico: 1 de enero de 1999Resto de Latinoamà ©rica y Espaà ±a: 22 de julio de 2007 Categorà ­a por trabajo Primera Todos los paà ­ses hispanohablantes: Corriente Categorà ­a por trabajo Segunda, Tercera y Otros Todos los paà ­ses hispanohablantes: Corriente Categorà ­a por trabajo Cuarta Mà ©xico: corrienteEl Salvador, Guatemala y Honduras: 15 de agosto de 2016Otros paà ­ses hispanohablantes: fecha corriente Categorà ­a Trabajadores Religiosos El Salvador, Guatemala y Honduras: 15 de agosto de 2016Resto de paà ­ses hispanohablantes: corriente Cà ³mo entender el boletà ­n de visas Lo primero es tener a mano la fecha de prioridad que es el dà ­a en el que se presentà ³ la solicitud. A continuacià ³n, determinar  si la peticià ³n es de familia o por trabajo y si aplica el final date (persona para la que se piden los papeles està ¡ fuera de EE.UU) o, por el contrario, el dates for filing (persona para la que se piden los papeles està ¡ en EE.UU. y puede ajustar su estatus). El paso siguiente es determinar la categorà ­a de la persona pedida. En el caso de familia, como se explicà ³ anteriormente, se puede ser F1, F2A, F2B, F3 o F4. En el caso de peticiones de trabajo se puede ser categorà ­as 1, 2, 3, 4, Otros o Religiosos.   Una vez que se conocen todos los datos, corresponde buscar el el bloque de informacià ³n que aplica. Por ejemplo, si el hijo casado de un ciudadano es la persona pedida y està ¡ en Estados Unidos y puede pedir un ajuste de estatus, le interesa el dates for filing por familia. Luego tendrà ­a que mirar su categorà ­a. En el caso del ejemplo, un hijo casado de ciudadano es un F3 y a continuacià ³n verificar la columna segà ºn su paà ­s de nacimiento, si es de Mà ©xico es una, y si es de otro paà ­s, la otra. Finalmente, mirar su fecha de prioridad y compararla con la fecha del boletà ­n de visa. En el boletà ­n de visas de mayo de 2018 para un F3 de Mà ©xico que puede ajustar su estatus, la fecha de corte es 8 de septiembre de 2006. Si su fecha de prioridad fuera mà ¡s antigua, eso significarà ­a que podrà ­a presentar los papeles para el ajuste de estatus. Otro ejemplo distinto serà ­a el de un hermano de ciudadano que està ¡ esperando fuera de Estados Unidos y es de Colombia. En este caso se tratarà ­a de  un final action por familia. Ademà ¡s, como es un hermano de ciudadano serà ­a un F4 y, como no es de Mà ©xico, tendrà ­a que fijarse en la columna de Resto de Latinoamà ©rica y Espaà ±a. La fecha de corte para esa categorà ­a para mayo de 2018 es 8 de enero de 1998. Si tuviera una fecha de prioridad mà ¡s antigua, eso querrà ­a decir que en unas semanas el Centro Nacional de Visas le contactarà ¡ para pedirle papeles para iniciar ya la tramitacià ³n final hacia la green card. Quà © pasa cuando llega la fecha de corte del boletà ­n de visas Cuando la fecha de prioridad de una persona es mà ¡s antigua que la fecha de corte de su categorà ­a que aparece en el boletà ­n de visas se inicia el proceso final para la sacar green card. A partir de ese momento puede estimarse que las gestiones restantes se demorarà ¡n, aproximadamente, medio aà ±o. En los trà ¡mites a hacer destacan la presentacià ³n de las planillas y documentos de affidavit of support, es decir, sostenimiento econà ³mico por parte de patrocinador. Es de interà ©s conocer cà ³mo  afectan las deudas o el mal crà ©dito en las peticiones de green card. Tambià ©n es el momento de realizar el examen mà ©dico y de presentarse para la gestià ³n de los datos biomà ©tricos, incluidos sacar una fotografà ­a y permitir la toma de las huellas dactilares. Causas por las que la peticià ³n de la green card no es aprobada La mayorà ­a de las peticiones de green card son aprobadas, sin embargo, la peticià ³n puede ser negada despuà ©s de todos los aà ±os de espera.  Estas son 42 causas de rechazo de la solicitud de residencia permanente. En el caso de que se diera la negacià ³n, es importante entender la causa para saber si es una negativa definitiva o, por el contrario, es posible encontrar una solucià ³n legal. Ademà ¡s, es fundamental entender que no importa que el USCIS hubiera  aprobado inicialmente la peticià ³n comunicà ¡ndolo en el NOA2. Eso no significa que la green card estuviera ya  aprobada sino que, simplemente, se dio  la condicià ³n para poder pedirla, es decir, la relacià ³n entre el patrocinador y patrocinado. Carga pà ºblica y beneficios pà ºblicos El gobierno del presidente Donald Trump ha establecido nuevas reglas por las que se puede negar residencia permanente al migrante que se considere carga pà ºblica o que reciba beneficios pà ºblicos. La nueva norma, que aplicarà ­a a todas las peticiones pendientes pero no asà ­ a las ya aprobadas, deberà ­a entrar en vigor con fecha de 15 de octubre de 2019. Sin embargo, cortes federales han suspendido su aplicacià ³n por parte de USCIS y del Departamento de Seguridad Interna (DHS), al menos por el momento, a la espera de resolucià ³n judicial definitiva. Sin embargo, sà ­ puede ser aplicado a partir de dicha fecha por el Departamento de Estado, que no se ha visto afectada por las resoluciones judiciales. En otras palabras, sà ­ puede ser tenido en consideracià ³n por las embajadas y consulados de EE.UU. para aprobar o negar visas. Dà ³nde encontrar informacià ³n   Durante la tramitacià ³n de la green card es posible  obtener informacià ³n sobre su  gestià ³n, pedir ayuda o denunciar un fraude en  telà ©fonos que brindan informacià ³n  migratoria. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal para ningà ºn caso migratorio.